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Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Science Tips Improve Writing




As fiction writers know, we see the world differently. I find this article particularly useful to writers of every ilk - novel authors, essayists, business writers, and freelancers. Great info for editors also. It is reprinted with the permission of the University of Florida.

6 scientific tips to improve your writing
Posted by U. Florida on September 22, 2015
You are free to share this article under the Attribution 4.0 International license.
A new book uses insights into the reading brain to give writers clear-cut, science-based guidelines on how to write anything well, from an email to a multi-million-dollar proposal.
Yellowlees Douglas, an associate professor of management communication at the University of Florida, wrote the book to satisfy her frustrated students’ needs for a guide to writing that “didn’t just tell my students to imitate Hemingway, as one of them put it,” Douglas says.
“Here I was, teaching quantitative thinkers in the colleges of business and medicine, and every book I assigned had my students ready to tear their hair out.”
So Douglas wrote The Reader’s Brain: How Neuroscience Can Make You a Better Writer (Cambridge University Press, 2015), drawing off the data that had first snagged her interest decades earlier while investigating the impacts of multimedia documents on reading.
The book uses data from eye-tracking, EEG brain scans, and fMRI neuroimaging, some of which give scientific backing to the usefulness of old standbys like thesis sentences and active voice. However, the book also dispels many well-worn myths, like avoiding beginning sentences with “and.”
The Reader’s Brain also provides insight into where to put information you want readers to remember—and where to stash disclosures you’d rather they forget. Even the cadence of your sentences, the book argues, subconsciously cues your readers to your skill as a writer.
“People who work with data think systematically,” Douglas says, “and, if you tell them to do something, they automatically want to know, ‘Where’s the data?’ Having published in the sciences, I know exactly how they feel.”
Six tips for better writing
1. Prime your readers
“Tell them what you’re going to tell them, tell them, then tell them what you’ve told them.” Few of us realize this advice has its roots in cognitive psychology and neuroscience. In recent decades, researchers have discovered that priming is a form of implicit learning. By merely exposing experimental subjects to lists of random words, researchers discovered the earlier exposure triggered accurate recall a day later—even though the subjects were unaware they would be tested later on the list.
When you tell readers your purpose in the first sentences of a memo, email, or proposal, you bolster their ease of comprehension and increase their recall of content later.
2. Use ‘recency’ to your advantage
The last item in the “Tell them” triad refers to what psychologists call recency effects, which influence our ability to remember the last items we read. Recency effects extend to both short-term and long-term memory. Readers remember final sentences in paragraphs, items in lists, and paragraphs in documents more clearly than anything else they read.
Carefully compose that call-to-action paragraph in a proposal and concluding paragraph in your next report. And that final sentence in every opening paragraph in your emails? Dedicate that sentence to whatever action you need your readers to take—and when they should do it.
3. Disappoint without destroying good will
You can benefit from the strength of priming and recency effects when you have to tell a client you’re unable to meet a deadline or inform an employee she’s not getting the position she applied for. How? Priming and recency effects create a “dead zone” in the middles of lists, sentences, paragraphs, and entire documents.
4. Bury bad news
You can prime the reader with a neutral opening paragraph, one with content that’s neither misleadingly encouraging or straight-to-the-point bad news. Clinical studies attest to the impact of negative news in a first paragraph creating resistance and hostility to the rest of the message.
Open your second paragraph with a rationale for the unwelcome part of your message—the cause for the effect you’re going to explore. Then embed the most lethal content in a minor clause in the dead center of the paragraph. Close that paragraph with a neutral sentence, mentioning whatever benefits you can conjure to offer your reader.
Then craft a short, positive paragraph as your closing that’s forward-looking, maintaining your readers’ goodwill by using the document’s recency position. Your reader will get the message without getting hostile toward you.
5. Harness cause and effect
From an evolutionary perspective, our tendency to see cause and effect everywhere is essential to our survival. When you place the rationale for a negative decision before you tell your reader the decision itself, you leverage the power of causation.
In studies dating back to the 1940s, participants invariably described footage of simple, animated squares and triangles in terms of cause and effect. Your reader is also highly susceptible to seeing causation. When you turn sentences into micro-narratives of cause and effect, you make your writing easier to read and recall.
6. Don’t let passive voice drag you down
You’ve probably already heard about the evils of passive construction: placing an outcome at the beginning of your sentence, in the grammatical subject, using a non-action verb, and generally burying the actor responsible. But English is a subject-verb-object language, and readers also expect language to obey what linguists call the iconicity assumption.
In other words, we expect the order of items in a sentence to reflect the order in which they occurred in the world. When you use passive construction, readers’ brains show more activity—and reading speed slows down, no matter how simple your content.

Love to hear what you think.........

Write like  you mean it!  

Mahala
 



Sunday, September 27, 2015

Supporting our local authors

cj Sez:  A writer friend and I visited the Gulf Coast Writers meeting in Pass Christian, MS, on Saturday, to support another author/friend, Ron O’Gorman, who was the guest speaker. He did a great job presenting his tips to help new writers along the path to publication. It was a spot-on topic because so many of us now-days are self-published.

His number one tip:  “Never, never, NEVER quit!!!  (Anyone can be published.)”

Dr. O’Gorman’s award-winning (Suspense Magazine’s “Best of 2014”) medical mystery, Fatal Rhythm, is available on Amazon…and it’s specially priced at 99 cents right now!

By the by, Choosing Carter has some good reviews on Amazon, and Deadly Star is enjoying a happy revival of sales. AND Amazon’s Kindle Unlimited subscribers read for free! What a deal, read my two novels for free, and then you, too, can review them.

Even better, for 99 cents, you can read Fatal Rhythm, Choosing Carter, and Deadly Star . . . THREE full length novels! Yay!

Let me tell you a little about my two books. My romantic suspense novels aren’t cozy by any means, but their sex heat is catalogued as “behind closed doors,” and I’m happy with that. Make that very happy with that. I cannot (will not) write detailed sex scenes. For me, erotica descriptions take away from the intimacy of a very special romantic moment between two people. The key word there and for my books is “romantic.” My characters may wind up in bed together, but that’s where the scene ends. It’s always been my theory that readers’ imaginations are far more creative than I could be in black and white.

Okay, You-all guys keep on keeping on, and I’ll try to do the same.  


cj 
cjpetterson@gmail.com
Amazon Central Author Page:  http://amzn.to/1NIDKC0

Tuesday, September 22, 2015

What The Dickens?!



Publisher’s Weekly reported last week that there is a new kid on the book block - Serial Box. The company's product, in beta testing, is another new digital venture; this one offering original serialized fiction in both e-book and audio formats. What surprised me the most about this idea is the team approach to writing the books. I shudder to think what their turnaround time will be?

If you’ve ever watched The Writers’ Room on the Sundance channel, you understand the concept of team writing for television. http://www.sundance.tv/series/the-writers-room. Basically, they get a group of writers in a room and hash out the details for episodes of serialized television shows. If you have participated in a critique group, and I sincerely hope you have, you know what an overwhelming challenge and an empowering exercise this can be.

Serializing stories is not a new idea. From bedtime stories to entice a child to go to sleep for the next installment the falling day to soap operas on the radio to the brilliant Scheherazade who used serialized stories to save her life in One Thousand and One Nights, cliffhangers have been the bread and butter favorites in all writing mediums. I include movies in that in terms of sequels with the same actors. However, creating serial books in a team effort and based on a television script model may be a first. But there is plenty of history to prove that readers in the past have enjoyed serials. In this digital age of hurry up and “git ËŠer done”, I give this new venture a maybe in terms of attracting readers.

As with most things, money is behind the initiation of any type of serialization. When a newspaper owner in Paris in 1836 needed to increase the sale of daily newspapers, he envisioned portions of novels published every day as a marketing gimmick. And the name of the first recorded serial novelist is - Drum Roll Please! - Honoré de Balzac. I am not familiar with his work, but he worked on his serial novel, LaComédie humaine from 1829 until he died in 1850. Now that’s good work if you can get it. By the way, he wrote over ninety novels and short stories during his career.

Which came first, I’m not sure, but during the same year that the Paris serial began, the young Charles Dickens published The Pickwick Papers in England, which was a series of engravings with accompanying text. Four installments later, and British readers were sold on the idea and the sale of London's newspapers soared. Publishers of magazines and newspapers hurried to hire writers to adapt their work into serializations. Of course, serialized stories in newspapers have been known to portend riots.

The mania quickly crossed the pond, and Dickens’ fanatics rioted at New York harbor in 1841 anxious for the Brit's newspapers to arrive via ocean and tell them what happened to the sweet Orphan Nell. The following year, a riot in Paris erupted because readers, who were too poor to buy the paper, were worried about the outcome of a cliffhanger in The Mysteries of Paris (Eugene Sue).

While we are still debating whether self-publishing undermines our profession as writers, look at a few impressive classics that were published as serials: The Brother’s Karamazov (Dostoevsky), Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain), Anna Karenina (Tolstoy), and Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe). I imagine much of the work published in the 19th Century were the forerunners of the funny papers.

As a young mother and household engineer, I read serialized novels by well-known novelists in Good Housekeeping, a magazine that last year resurrected that trend with snippets from now famous novelists in their monthly magazine. Whether you grew up in the time when radio was the favorite medium or experienced your first serial on PBS or Nickelodeon, you are probably familiar with the famous radio serials, Flash Gordon, The Shadow, and The Lone Ranger. And lest we forget, today’s wall-sized televisions brought us Downton Abbey, The Soprano’s, Empire, and Game of Thrones.

Perhaps Serial Box is onto something. As my business co-blogger, c j,  teaches, studying screenplays is a sold foundation for learning to write scenes in novels, so I give the new venture an A for effort. Serialized television has proven that readers are willing to wait months between seasons to see what happens next, which I have to say still annoys me. I like the old way where we had a full season, then the shows took a summer hiatus, but I digress. The Serial Box books/shows (we need an amalgamation - maybe Bows or Shooks) will run 13 - 16 weeks, so that is better than the 6-week stints most serialized television shows currently run.

As for genres, the Publisher’s Weekly article says Serial Box opened September 16 with Book Burners, an ironic title if I ever heard one. It’s a paranormal crime story, which packs under one umbrella two best selling genres of books, shows, and movies. And, of course, the next offering does the same thing. This is all about money and marketing, not literature. I do hasten to add that literature from such notables as Dickens, Agatha Christie, Jane Eyre, Shakespeare, and Arthur Conan Doyle have kept PBS and commercial movies in business for quite some time. Anyway, the next Serial Box offering will be a swashbuckling romance/adventure, Tremontaine, which should suit the bodice tearing faction. Am I being a bit facetious? Of course, I am. I still like to hold a “real” book in my hands.

If none of this rattles your chain, you might like to know that a former, global digital director at Penguin Random House is one of Serial Box’s co-founders, Molly Barton. She makes a good argument. “Why not create original books like a TV series?”

Hum, do I detect the middleman being cut out here? As in, the author of "true" books?

And if you still don’t believe truth is stranger than fiction. Barton’s co-founder is Julian Yap. His credentials? He’s a former, senior counsel in the Justice Department, who formulated the business idea after he realized he wasn’t reading novels because he didn’t have time. Barton is quoted in the PW article saying that he was drawn to more TV and comics because, “there’s no time barrier; you can tune in and tune out. They’re accessible.”

George Carlin would have had a ball with that statement! Other than meeting my deadline to return a book to the library, I've had any trouble with my hard copy or digital books fighting off time barriers.

Serial Box points out one of their major differences is their production of original books that are specifically designed for television presentation, which according to Yap is not the same as “chopping up content to serialize it.” That is painful to type, much less think about.

I’m working on the assumption that this means they will, instead, sew together chopped up pieces of a story to create a whole rather than the alternative.

As I understand it at this time, Serial Box will pay advances and royalties to the team of authors based on the number of readers a series attracts. Sounds like a "real" book. The company works with agents for proposals and accepts pitches from an author. Sounds like a "real" book.

They begin by bouncing the proposals and pitches around with television writers, but they bring in novelists to write the serials. I’m not sure if the original author who pitched the idea is included on the team or in the royalties. Sounds somewhat like a "real" book being turned into a screenplay.

Being a purist, I like to believe that books are written with a final destination to share and teach information to the reader. I know that isn’t true, else why would bodice rippers, vampire suckers, zombie walkers, and psychotic murderers exist in books and on the screen?

Like any other television trend, Serial Box at present is another enigma. I hope they are prepared for the long, long, long lines of agents and writers who will be scrambling to get in to see them. It’s slim pickings out there for most of us.

What say ye?  Bows or Shooks?

Write like you mean it!    

Mahala